FREE BUSINESS TOOL
VAT Calculator UK
Calculate UK VAT instantly. Add VAT to a net amount, remove VAT from a gross amount, or use a custom VAT rate. The calculator shows the net amount, VAT and gross total as you type.
Free UK VAT calculator
Add VAT, remove VAT, calculate multiple amounts, or work backwards from a VAT amount. Enable JavaScript for private, instant calculations in your browser.
Add this calculator to your website01 · The arithmetic
How to calculate UK VAT
Net is the amount before VAT. VAT is the tax added at the applicable percentage. Gross is the total including VAT. Every UK VAT sum is one of three moves between those numbers.
Add VAT to a net amount
VAT = net × (rate ÷ 100)
Gross = net + VAT
Use it when you set a price and need the figure your customer pays.
Remove VAT from a gross amount
Net = gross ÷ (1 + rate ÷ 100)
VAT = gross − net
Use it when a receipt shows only the total and you need the VAT part.
Calculate from a known VAT amount
Net = VAT ÷ (rate ÷ 100)
Gross = net + VAT
A 0% rate cannot determine the original price. The estimated net is rounded to pennies.
Calculations use integer pennies and half-up rounding. Pasted currency symbols are ignored; every result is in GBP, not a currency conversion. Amounts and combined totals are limited to £1 trillion.
02 · Ready reckoner
VAT examples at 20%
Common net amounts with the current standard rate applied. The table is generated from the same live rate the calculator uses.
| Net amount | VAT (20%) | Gross total |
|---|---|---|
| £10.00 | £2.00 | £12.00 |
| £50.00 | £10.00 | £60.00 |
| £100.00 | £20.00 | £120.00 |
| £250.00 | £50.00 | £300.00 |
| £500.00 | £100.00 | £600.00 |
| £1,000.00 | £200.00 | £1,200.00 |
03 · Rates
UK VAT rates
The rate depends on what you supply, not on who you are. Picking it is a classification question the calculator cannot answer for you.
| Rate | Percentage | Typical application |
|---|---|---|
| Standard | 20% | Most goods and services |
| Reduced | 5% | Eligible supplies such as home energy and some children’s car seats |
| Zero | 0% | Eligible supplies such as most food and children’s clothes |
Zero-rated
Taxable at 0%. Generally counts towards taxable turnover, and related input VAT may be reclaimable subject to the rules.
Exempt
Outside the VAT charge altogether. Different rules apply and input VAT recovery is usually restricted.
These are examples, not a complete tax classification. Zero-rated and exempt supplies are not the same. Sources: current VAT rates · rates for specific goods and services
04 · Registration
VAT registration and deregistration
£90,000.00
Registration threshold
£88,000.00
Voluntary deregistration below
The general UK VAT registration threshold is £90,000.00. It concerns taxable turnover, not profit. You normally have to register when your taxable turnover for the last 12 months goes over the threshold, or you expect to exceed it in the next 30 days.
You may be eligible to deregister voluntarily if your taxable turnover falls below £88,000.00, subject to HMRC’s conditions and expectations for turnover. Non-established businesses, Northern Ireland transactions and other special cases can follow different rules.
Sources: VAT registration guidance · VAT thresholds · cancelling VAT registration
05 · Simplified accounting
UK VAT Flat Rate Scheme
A qualifying business may be able to join the Flat Rate Scheme if its VAT turnover is £150,000.00 or less, excluding VAT. Eligibility restrictions also apply.
Flat rate percentages depend on business sector and the limited-cost-business rules. They are not interchangeable with the VAT rate charged on an invoice. This tool does not calculate your Flat Rate Scheme liability. Source: official Flat Rate Scheme guidance
06 · Questions
Frequently asked questions
Clear answers for checking amounts, understanding VAT and using this tool.
How do I calculate 20% VAT?
Multiply the net amount by 20 ÷ 100. For £100.00 at 20%, VAT is £20.00 and the gross total is £120.00.
How do I add VAT to an amount?
Choose Add VAT, enter your net amount and select the appropriate rate. Gross total = net amount + VAT. Check that the selected rate applies to your goods or services.
How do I remove VAT from a gross amount?
Choose Remove VAT. Divide the gross amount by 1 + (VAT rate ÷ 100). For example, £120.00 ÷ 1.2 = £100.00 at 20%. The difference is the VAT amount.
What is the current UK VAT rate?
The standard rate shown here is 20%, the reduced rate is 5% and the zero rate is 0%. These rates have different eligibility rules; check GOV.UK for the specific supply.
What is the UK VAT registration threshold?
The general registration threshold is £90,000.00 of taxable turnover. Registration is normally required when turnover in the previous 12 months exceeds it, or when you expect to exceed it in the next 30 days. Special rules apply, including for businesses established outside the UK.
Is zero-rated VAT the same as VAT exempt?
No. Zero-rated supplies are taxable at 0% and generally count towards taxable turnover; associated input VAT may be reclaimable subject to the rules. Exempt supplies have different rules and usually restrict input VAT recovery. The calculator cannot classify a supply for you.
Can I use this calculator for invoices?
Use it to check figures or prepare estimates. An invoice must also meet HMRC requirements and use the correct tax treatment. This tool rounds each amount and calculation half-up to the nearest penny; invoice line-by-line or whole-invoice rounding policies may produce different totals.
Can I use a custom VAT rate?
Yes. Select Custom and enter a non-negative percentage. This is useful for checking another rate, but it does not establish which rate is legally applicable. Inputs accept up to six decimal places and calculated currency is rounded to two.
Are my calculation values saved?
No. The calculator processes your values locally in your browser. They are not sent to the calculation API, stored in cookies or local storage, or recorded as calculation analytics. A share link includes the values in its URL; share it only if you are comfortable disclosing them.
Can I embed the VAT calculator on my website?
Yes. Copy the free code from the Embed section into a Custom HTML block. The hosted widget updates automatically. Its visible attribution link to Business Manager must remain unchanged; removing, changing or hiding it disables the calculator until the link is restored. Leave data-rate unset to follow the current standard rate; a numeric data-rate deliberately overrides the default.
Can I calculate VAT on several amounts at once?
Yes. Open Bulk, paste amounts and use the same mode and rate for all lines. Enter grouped numbers one per line, or quote them in a comma-separated list. The table includes totals, copying and CSV download. Totals add the individually rounded lines; they are not a single aggregate invoice calculation.
07 · Provenance
Sources and review
- VAT rates (GOV.UK, opens in a new tab)GOV.UK
Current standard, reduced and zero rates.
- Rates of VAT on different goods and services (GOV.UK, opens in a new tab)GOV.UK
Which rate applies to a specific supply.
- Register for VAT (GOV.UK, opens in a new tab)GOV.UK
When and how to register.
- VAT thresholds (GOV.UK, opens in a new tab)GOV.UK
Registration and deregistration thresholds.
- VAT Notice 700/11: cancelling your registration (GOV.UK, opens in a new tab)GOV.UK
Deregistration conditions.
- VAT Flat Rate Scheme (GOV.UK, opens in a new tab)GOV.UK
Eligibility, sector percentages and limited cost businesses.
Last reviewed: . Configuration effective from: . Dates are maintained by the editor, not automatically advanced.
Your calculation values are processed in your browser and are not saved.
Disclaimer: This calculator is provided for general informational purposes only. VAT rules can depend on the goods, services and circumstances involved. Check current HMRC/GOV.UK guidance or obtain professional tax advice where appropriate.
Add this VAT calculator to your website
Free for businesses, accountants, bookkeepers and advisers. The hosted calculator updates automatically. Keep the attribution link visible and unchanged; removing, changing or hiding it disables the calculator until the link is restored.
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